child play therapy
A. UNDERSTANDING PLAY
Play is a natural way for children disclose conflicts within him unconscious. (Wholey and Wong, 1991).
Play is an activity carried out in accordance with the desire to have fun. (Foster, 1989)
Play is an activity undertaken for pleasure generated without considering the final result (Hurlock)
Jadimkesimpulannya play is a way to have fun regardless of the end result.
B. CATEGORY PLAY
1. Active play
That many children use the energy initiatives of their own.
Example: playing football.
2. Playing passive
Little energy is expended, the child does not need to do the activity (just look)
Example: provide support.
C. CHARACTER PLAY
1. Always play with things or objects
2. There's always a mutual interaction
3. Always dynamic
4. There are certain rules
5. Demanding particular room
D. CLASSIFICATION BY PLAY OF CONTENTS
1. Social affective play
Children learn to respond to the response given by the environment in the form of games, such as parents speak spoil the child laughed happily, with a children's playground are expected to socialize with the environment.
2. Sense of pleasure play
Children memproleh pleasure from the objects around it, the play can stimulate tactile tools, such as water or sand play.
3. Skill play
Provide opportunities for children to acquire certain skills and children will perform repeatedly for example riding a bike.
4. Dramatika play role play
Children fantasize about running a specific role as a father or mother
CHARACTERISTICS BY SOCIAL
1. Solitary play
This type of game in which children play alone although there are several others who bermai around. Usually done by a toddler todler.
2. Parallel play
Similar game made by a group of children each having the same toys but the one with the other does not exist and are not mutually dependent interactions, usually performed by children preischool
Example: playing blocks
3. Associative play
Games where children play in family activities yangsma but not well organized, there is no division of labor, children play as they please.
4. Cooperative play
Children play along with the game like an organized, planned, and there are certain rules. Bissanya dilakukanoleh adolesen school age children
E. FUNCTION PLAY
Children can continue its development
1. MOTOR TREND sensory
To foster the movement by playing a certain object, such as reaching for a pencil.
2. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Helps to know about objects (color, shape, usability)
3. CREATIVITY
Developing creativity try new ideas such as the Block.
4. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Acquired by learning to interact with others and learn to learn in groups.
5. SELF AWARENESS (SELF AWARENESS)
Play learn to understand the ability of self-weakness and behavior towards others.
6. MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Intraksi with others behave as expected friends to adjust to the rules of the group.
Example: can apply honesty.
7. THERAPY
Play opportunities for children to express uncomfortable feelings such as: anger, fear, hate.
8. COMMUNICATION
Playing as a communication tool, especially for the kid who can not say it verbally, such as: painting, drawing, playing the role.
F. FACTORS AFFECTING ACTIVITY PLAY
1. Developmental stages, each stage has the potential / limitation
2. Health status, sick children → impaired cognitive psychomotor development
3. Sex
4. Environment → location, country, culture.
5. → plaything pleased to be able to use
6. Intelligence and socioeconomic status
G. DEVELOPMENT STAGE PLAY
1. The exploration
Merupkan stages of digging a look at how to play
2. Stage game
After knowing how to play, children begin to enter the stage perminan.
3. Phase bermin real
Children have participated in perminan.
4. Phase daydreaming
It is the last stage of the child to imagine the next game.
H. CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO PLAY THE DEVELOPMENT STAGE
1 MONTH
VISUAL: Look at close range
Hang a bright and flashy objects
Auditory: Talk to your baby, singing, music, radio, clock ticking
Tactile: Hugging, holding, giving pleasure
KINETIC: Swing, stroller ride
2-3 MONTHS
VISUAL: Create a quiet space, image, mirror walled
Take the baby to another room
Put your baby to look around
Auditory: Talk to your baby, give sound toys, to include in a family meeting.
Tactile: Bathing, changing diapers, comb hair gently, rub the lotion / powder
KINETIC: The road to rail, the movement of swimming, water play
4-6 MONTHS
VISUAL: Playing the mirror, watching TV boy
Give toys with bright colors
Auditory: Kids talk, repeat the sounds made, calling names,
Squeeze the paper near the ear, Hold the toy sounds.
Tactile: Give soft toys / rough, bath cemplung / Dip
KINETIC: Bantu stomach, prop when sitting
6-9 MONTHS
VISUAL: Toy colorful, playing before a mirror, "peek .... ba".
Give torn paper.
Auditory: Call name "Mama ... Papa, to name parts of the body,
Tell you do, teach applause and give simple commands.
Tactile: Fingering material manifold textures, sizes, main water flow
Swim
KINETIC: Put away toys rather then told to pick it up.
9-12 MONTHS
VISUAL: Show a picture in a book. Invites go places
Playing ball, show buildings some distance away.
Auditory: Show me the body and say,
Recommend with animal sounds
Tactile: Give food that can be held
Recommend cold, hot and warm.
KINETIC: Give toys
The toys are recommended for babies 6-12 months
• Blockies colorful number, size.
• Books with interesting pictures
• Balloons, cups and spoons
• baby doll
• Toys that can be pushed and pulled
Toddler (2-3 YEARS)
• Start walking, climbing, running
• Can play anything with his hands
• Great throw, push, grab something
• short attention
• Begin to understand has a "This is mine ...."
• Characteristics of the play "Parallel Play"
• Toddler brtengkar always vying for toys / something
• Great music / rhythm
Toys For Toddler
• Toys that can be pulled and pushed
• cooker
• Tonight, candles
• Dolls, Blockies, Phone, pictures in books, balls, dram that can be beaten,
crayons, paper.
PRE-SCHOOL
• Cross the motor and fine motors
• Able to jump, play and cycling.
• Highly energetic and imaginative
• Starting form of moral development
• Start playing with sex and play with a group
• Characteristics of play
• Assosiative play
• Dramatic play
• Skill play
• Men actively playing outside
• Women in the house
Toys for Pre-school
• Home appliances
• Three Wheel Bicycle
• Chalkboard / chalk
• Candles, dolls, paper
• Drum, books with simple words, airplanes, cars, trucks
SCHOOL AGE
§ Play with the same group and gender
§ Can learn the rules of the
§ Independent Learning, cooperative, competitive, inclusive.
§ Characteristics "Cooperative Play"
§ Men: Mechanical
§ Perrempuan: Mother Role
Toys for School Age
6-8 YEARS
Cards, dolls, robots, books, sporting goods, tools to paint, record, bicycles.
8-12 YEARS
Books, collecting stamps, coins, crafts,
cards, sports together, bicycles, roller skates.
PLAY IN HOSPITAL
PURPOSE
1. Continuing development tasks during treatment
2. Developing creativity through game experience right
3. Adapt more effectively to stress due to illness or treated
PRINCIPLE
1. Not a lot of energy, short and simple
2. Consider safety and cross infection
3. The same age group
4. Involving family / parents.
DLM MAINTENANCE OF EFFORT TO PLAY
1. Do it while nursing actions
2. Deliberately seek special occasions
SOME THINGS THAT NEED TO BE
1. Playground equipment
2. Playground
IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAY IN THE AFFECTED BY RS:
1. Factors supporting
Knowledge nurses, hospital facility policy, cooperation Tim and family
2. Limiting Factors
Not all hospitals have the facility to play.
REFERENCES
Foster and Humsberger, 1998, Family Centered Nursing Care of Children. WB sauders Company, Philadelphia, USA.
Hurlock EB, 1991, Child Development Volume I, grants Jakarta.
Markum et al, 1990, Textbook of Pediatrics, IDI Jakarta.
Soetjiningsih, 1995, Growth, EGC, Jakarta.
Whaley and Wong, 1991, Nursing Care Infants and children. Fourth Edition, Mosby Year Book, Toronto Canada.
