CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE NURSING
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Globalization enhances the flow of competition in all sectors including the health sector where nurses and midwives involved. To be able to maintain its existence, then any and all organizational elements within the organization should strive to improve the quality of service on a continuous basis. System development and clinical performance management (SPMKK) for nurses and midwives are closely related and in sync with the quality assurance program (Quality Assurance). The tendency of the present and the future shows that the public is increasingly aware of the importance of improving and maintaining quality of life (quality of life). Therefore, health services are increasingly sought remedy to obtain assurance on the quality of health care received. The higher the level of public understanding of the importance of health to maintain quality of life, then the customer will be more critical in receiving products or services, including nursing and midwifery services, thus improving the quality of the performance of each nurse and midwife needs to be done continuously. The process of quality nursing now is not the role of a character named Famous Florence Nightingale, following in this artike would I describe the history of Florence Nightinge, general theory, the definition of the theory of Florence Nightingale, some opinions about the Theory of Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale and contribution to the quality of service Nursing
A. History of Florence NightingaleFlorence Nightingale was born in Florence, Italy on May 12, 1820 and named after the town where he was born. Her first name, referring to his hometown of Florence, Firenze Florence in Italian or in English. During his childhood he lived at Lea Hurst, a large and luxurious house of his father, William Nightingale, who was a wealthy landowner in Derbyshire, London, England. While his mother was highborn and the Nightingale family is a noble family. Florence Nightingale had a sister named Parthenope. In adolescence begin to look their contrasting behaviors and Parthenope live in accordance with their dignity as a daughter of a landowner. At that time noblewoman, wealthy, and educated tend to have fun activities only and lazy, while Florence out of the house more and help local people in need. The nurse at the time nurses considered contemptible work because:• Nurses equated with prostitutes or "tail" (the poor families of soldiers) that follow where the soldiers go.• Professional nurses much face to face with the body in the open, so it is considered polite profession is not a profession a good woman and many women are not educated to treat patients who are in hospital with indecent for Nurses in England at that time more men than women for the reasons mentioned above.• Nurses period more often function as a cook.Florence fame skyrocketed when war broke cream between Britain, France, and Turkey against Russia in 1854-1856. At that time a lot of British soldiers were injured and left homeless at an emergency hospital in the battlefield because there was insufficient nurses in that place. Florence sincerely and courageously brought 38 people to the hospital's nurses. Over the past 21 months, he served tirelessly caring, comforting the wounded and seek redress emergency hospital facilities. Florence was never absent for patrol always see the wounded even in the middle of a cold night. The arrival of Florence on foot carrying a lantern is always awaited by patients. Florence nicknamed the Angel with Lantern. Thanks to the devotion of Florence and her team, percentage of dead soldiers who were seriously wounded improved from 42% to only 2%. Working nonstop relentless Florence had made health deteriorated. He was hit by a severe febrile illness. However, thanks to his love and desire to alleviate the suffering of others, as well as the blessing of all who knew him, the disease can be successfully defeated and continued dedication. Florence received an award from the Queen Victoria and the British people in the form of a gold medal engraved "Happiness and Love Eternal". "Nightingale Fund" which was originally collected is used to make this achievement was very big way above target. Florence Nightingale Foundation was formed who obtain donations from many people. These funds were used to establish a nursing school. In 1860 Florence wrote the book Notes on Nursing (Notes on Nursing) 136 pages thick book is a reference book on the curriculum in the schools of Florence and other nursing schools. It has also become popular among ordinary people, and sold millions of copies around the world. In 1861 prints up this book published with an additional section on baby care. Some of the awards ever earned:• In 1883 Florence anugrahkan Royal Red Cross medal (The Royal Red Cross) by Queen Victoria.• In 1907 at the age of 87 years to the King of England, in front of hundreds of law confers Florence Nightingale with a service medal of The Order Of Merit and Florence Nightingale became the first woman to receive this star honors.• In 1908 he was awarded the Honorary Freedom of the City of London. Sincere love and devotion to Florence inspired Henri Dunant founded the Red Cross.Florence wrote several best-selling books, including phenomenal book Notes on Nursing. Florence, who was born while the family was an excursion to Florence Italy in 1820, continued to work into old age and eventually died on August 13, 1910 at the age of 90 years.
B. General Theory of Florence NightingaleEnvironmental theory hatched by Florence Nightingale Nightingale "Mother of Modern Nursing" put nursing into something sacred to be filled by a woman. The theory focuses on the nursing environment, although this theme is never raised in any of his writings, he linked health with five environmental factors. Nightingale made a theory known as the theory of modern nursing (modern nursing). The focus of this theory is the environmental aspect. Nightingale believed that a healthy environment is important for handling treated. Environmental components that affect health, such as:1. Fresh air2. Clean water3. An efficient sewer4. Hygiene5. LightNightingale prioritized environmental aspects in the care of clients is adequate ventilation for klien.Ia believes that the availability of fresh air constantly is the main principle in the treatment. Therefore, each nurse must maintain the air to be inhaled client kept clean, as clean as the outside air without having to make cold. Another component that is important in perawatn client is sunlight. Nightingale believes the sun can members great benefits for the health of the client. Therefore, nurses also need to bring clients a walk out to feel the sun for there are no contraindications. Focused client care by Nightingale is on cleanliness. He argues, the client's health condition is strongly influenced by the level of cleanliness, good hygiene clients, caregivers and the environment.In addition to the above five components, a nurse also should pay attention to warmth, tranquility, and food clients.
Main Assumptions Theory NightingaleNightingale defines health as a state prosperous and able to use every power that held to the maximum, while the disease is the body's repair work to free themselves from the disorder experienced so that individuals can come back healthy. The principle of treatment is to keep the reparative process is not interrupted and the sodium absorption ratio provides optimal conditions for the process. To achieve health, nurses must use his reason, with perseverance and observation.Thus, health can be maintained through disease prevention through environmental health factors. He calls this a health nursing and differentiate it with proper nursing care for clients, which means that he can endure pain to be better or at least until the time of his death.According to Nightingale, is the order of the external environment that affect sick and healthy person, including food here client and nurse interactions with clients. If seseonrang want to be healthy, nurses, nature, and the person concerned must work together in order reparative process can run. The third component of the relationship can be described as follows.
Nigtingale theory, modern nursing (modern nursing), is the first step in the formalization and further development of nursing science. He has laid a foundation for the development of the theory of keperawatn afterwards. Inspired or not, Nightingale have given general guidelines for nurses in caring klien.Prinsip basic principles of environmental improvement and psychological treatment to the client can be applied to many modifications in order kontemporer.Ide care Nightingale's ideas have driven productive thinking for nurses and the nursing profession.
C. Definition Theory of Florence NightingalePatients / Clients person with vital healing preses dealing with the disease and restore health but the passive impact of the nursing business. Environmental health is the main concept for ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness and quietness. Although the environment has social, emotional, and physical aspects, Nightingale emphasizes the physical aspects. Health Stay healthy and use stamina for a broad requirement. Health is an effort to maintain healthy in order to avoid disease from environmental health factors. Outbreaks of the disease are due to natural menyebaran anything less attention. Nursing is a clear picture of the optimal conditions to help the healing process of the patient and the prevention of the deployment process through an action. The second subsystem is a system that has a large effect is a manifestation of the ability and regular activities. It contains four adaptive style:1. Psychological StyleDeveloping the body's basic psychological needs, and how to obtain body fluids and electrolytes, akitivitas and rest, circulation and oxygen, nutrients and absorption of food, perlingdungan, feelings and neurological and endocrine function.2. Style self-concept.It includes two components yritu: physical self, which develops the sense of touch and body image and personal self involving ideal self, self consistency and moral ethical self.3. Style rules functionIs determined by the need for social interaction and refers to the performance of the activities based on their position in the social life.4. Style interdependentIncludes a relationship with another person contrary to and support a system that needs help, affection and attention
D. Some opinions about the Basic Concepts of Nursing Florence NightingaleContemporary writers began to explore the work of Florence Nightingale as something that has the potential to be theoretical and conceptual models of nursing (Meleis, 1985, Torres, 1986; Marriner-Toomey, 1994; Chin and Jacobs, 1995). Meleis (1985) noted that the concept of Nightingale placed the environment as the focus of nursing care and attention which the nurses do not have to understand the whole process of the disease is beginning to separate the professions of nursing and medicine. Nightingale nurses regardless of which only narrowly preoccupied with the problem of drug delivery and treatment, but more berorientrasi on providing air, light, environmental comfort, cleanliness, tranquility, and adequate nutrition (Nightingale, 1860; Torres, 1986). Through observation and data collection Nightingale linking clients with health status and environmental factors that cause results sebgai improved hygiene and sanitation conditions during the Crimean war. Torres (1986) noted that Nightingale gave the concept and provide offers that can be validated and used to practice nursing. Nightingale in the description theory provides a way of thinking about nursing and the frame of reference that focuses on the client and the environment (Torres, 1986). Letters Nightingale and the handwriting leads nurses to work on behalf of clients. Marriner-Tomey, (1994), principally covering areas of service, research and education. The most important thing is the concepts and principles that make up and surround the practice of nursing. Nightingale thinking and using the nursing process. He noted that the observation (assessment) is not for a variety of information / facts are suspicious, but in order to save lives and improve health and safety.E. Florence Nightingale's Contribution to the Quality of Nursing CareMaintaining quality of health services is an ongoing effort conducted in a systematic, objective, and integrated in determining the problem and the quality of health care based on established standards, establish and implement a means of solving the problem according to the available capacity, and assess the results achieved and prepare and follow continued to improve the quality of services ksehatan (Anwar, 1996) The four main principles in maintaining and improving the quality of nursing are: 1. Focus on the client, 2. Focus on systems and processes, 3. Focus on data-driven decisions, 4. Focus on the participation of team workFlorence Nightingale in 1858, have worked to improve conditions for nursing pelayayanan given to soldiers at war Krimen. With changes in various aspects of nursing today has evolved into a profession that has a unique science that results in increased interest and concern among members in improving existing pelayanannya.Perubahan be described in history as the war thanks to the devotion of Florence and her team, percentage of dead soldier severely wounded improved from 42% to only 2%. (Http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com)Florence also sets standards in nursing education and standards of an efficient implementation of nursing care. He also distinguishes the practice of nursing to medicine and treatment differences in people who are sick to the healthy.Torres (1986) noted that Nightingale gave the concept and provide offers that can be validated and used to practice nursing.Nigtingale, follow up activities by placing the concept of the modern nursing (modern nursing), is the first step in the formalization and further development of nursing science. He has laid a foundation for the development of nursing theory afterwards. Inspired or not, Nightingale have given general guidelines for nurses in the care of clients. The basic principles of environmental improvement and psychological treatment to the client can be implemented with modifications in many contemporary treatment order. Nightingale's ideas have driven productive thinking for nurses and the nursing profession. (Ahmadi, 2008)
Bibliography1. Asmadi. , 2008. Basic Concepts of Nursing. Jakarta: EGC2. Azrul Anwar. 1996. Maintaining Quality of Health Care, New York: Library Sinar Harapan3. Florence Nightingale Biography; http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/florence-nightingale-biography-10049.html4. Marriner-Tomey. 1994. Nursing Theorists and Their Work. (1994). Philladelphia: C.V. Mosby Company5. Meleis, Afaf I. (1985). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott6. Potter and Perry. , 2005. Textbook Fundamentals of Nursing, Concepts, Process & Practice. Jakarta: EGC.7. Wiyono, Djoko. 2000. Health Services Quality Management. Vol 1. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press
