Health Care System
THEORY OF SYSTEMS
System: Components of interrelated and work towards the achievement of set objectives.
Systems Theory: Emphasizing the unity, integrity of the parts of the overall system is working in the system.
The system consists of:
Input
Subsystems that will provide all inputs for the functioning of a system, such as the health care system:
- Potential community
- Health workers
- Health facilities
Process
Activity that serves to convert an input into an outcome that is expected of the system, ie a range of activities in health care.
Output
The results of a process, Output health care: quality service, effective and efficient and affordable by all levels of society so that optimal patient recovered and healthy.
Impact
As a result generated a result of the system, relatively long time. Impact of health care system is a public health, morbidity and mortality decreased.
Feedback (feedback)
A result which also makes the input and this happens from a system of interconnected and influence each other, such as the quality of health care.
Environment
All state outside the system but can affect health.
Level of Health Services
According leavel & Clark in providing health services should look at the level of health care that will be provided, namely:
Health promotion (health promotion)
Is the first level in providing services through health promotion, eg personal hygiene, environmental sanitation improvements.
Specifik protection (special protection)
Communities protected from harm / penyakit2 particular. Eg: immunization, safety protection
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment (early diagnosis and treatment right away)
It's getting the disease symptoms, Ex: survey screening cases.
Disability Limitation (barring defects)
Taken to prevent the patient or the public are not impacted due to disability caused by the disease.
Rehabilitation (rehab)
Conducted after the patient was diagnosed healed. Often at this stage found in the recovery phase of the disability such exercises are given to patients.
Health care agencies
Outpatient
Institutions
Hospice
Community Based Agency
The scope of the health care system
Tertiary health service: experts / subspesialis (RS type A or B)
Secondary health care: hospital specialists who are available
Primary health care: health center, health center
Hospitals can be divided into several types according to categories:
According to the owner: government, private
According to the philosophy espoused: profit hospital and a for-profit hospital
Organized by type of service: General Hospital and the Specialty Hospital
By location (government): central, provincial and district
According to the capabilities of hospitals in Indonesia can be classified into several categories:
Hospital type A: Specialist and sub-specialist wider, Top referral hospital
Hospital Type B: Specialist and sub-specialist is limited, referral services from the district
Hospital type C: Specialist Limited, a referral from a health center services
Hospital type D: Services referral from health centers
Hospital type E: (hospitals): Mental Hospital, Heart Hospital, Pulmonary Hospital, cancer, leprosy.
- Health Center Health Department supervised by district / city public health efforts related activities (SMEs)
- Health Center fostered by the hospital district / city individual health related efforts (UKP)
Currently in the process of merging SMEs and UKP
SMEs
Government and active participation of the community and the private sector.
Includes: promkes, maintenance chan, P2M, keswa, ill infectious disease control, basic sanitation, nutrition society should be,
UKP
can be held by the public, private and government.
Includes: promkes, prevention, treatment of the RWT, RWT pengobt hospitalization, rehabilitation
Health Center:
IHC toddlers and elderly
Early Childhood Education (ECD)
Polindes (village polyclinic)
Puskesmas mostly just used as a transit application for referral.
Trend Issues healthcare
The fragmentation of services
implementation of autonomy
establishment of health centers as the spearhead
The budget allocation promotive and prepentive
And lack of human resources
Factors affecting health care
New science & technology
Shifting public values
Legal and ethical aspects
Economy
Politics
The issue of health care system
Health Efforts
Health Financing
Health Human Resources
Pharmaceutical Products, Medical Devices and Food
Management and Health Information
Community Empowerment
Act health care system
Basis Fair, Pancasila
Constitutional Basis, the 1945 Constitution, in particular: Article 28 A, every person has the right to live and to defend life and living.
A paragraph of Article 28 (1), every person has the right to live physical and spiritual prosperity, residence, and get a good environment and healthy as well as receive care.
Healthy Vision Indonesia
Achieving the millennium development goals (Millennium Development Goals / MDGs) established by the United Nations and the government of Indonesia, namely:
Reducing infant and maternal mortality during delivery
Reduce the number of hunger (malnutrition)
Reduce infant mortality and under-five
Controlling the transmission of infectious diseases, particularly tuberculosis and HIV
The challenges of health care
Global and Regional
Globalization is a change widespread human interaction, which includes economic, political, social, cultural, technological, and environmental.
National and Local Level
At the national level there is a process of political, such as decentralization, democratization, and the politics of health that impact on health development, for example: the number of participants local elections (elections) who use health issues as political appointments.
Nurses Role and Function
Role of Nurses as providers of nursing care
The role of nurse as client advocate
Role of Nurse as Educator
The role of nurse as coordinator
Role of Nurses as a collaborator
Role of Nurses as Consultants
Role of Nurses as Updates:
- Role of Nurse as Educator in Nursing
- Role of Nurse as Manager of Nursing Services
- Role of Nurse as a Researcher and Developer Services Nursing
Nurses function
Independent Functions
The act does not require the doctor nurse example: physical assessment, Assist patients in performing daily activities.
Function Dependent
Nurses help doctors provide treatment and specific actions that the authority of the doctor and the doctor should have been done, such as infusion, medication and perform injections
Interdependent functions
Nursing actions based on working with the health care team or teams.
For example: Pregnant women with diabetes
- Nutritionists contribute to meal planning
- Nurses teach patients choose to eat everyday.
Conclusion
Nursing care provided in a variety of health care arrangements at the primary, secondary, and tertiary
Nursing services as the system is affected by the input, process and output
The nursing care is an integral part of the overall health care system
Nursing services influence the achievement of quality health services
Nursing services contribute to the development of national health
THEORY OF SYSTEMS
System: Components of interrelated and work towards the achievement of set objectives.
Systems Theory: Emphasizing the unity, integrity of the parts of the overall system is working in the system.
The system consists of:
Input
Subsystems that will provide all inputs for the functioning of a system, such as the health care system:
- Potential community
- Health workers
- Health facilities
Process
Activity that serves to convert an input into an outcome that is expected of the system, ie a range of activities in health care.
Output
The results of a process, Output health care: quality service, effective and efficient and affordable by all levels of society so that optimal patient recovered and healthy.
Impact
As a result generated a result of the system, relatively long time. Impact of health care system is a public health, morbidity and mortality decreased.
Feedback (feedback)
A result which also makes the input and this happens from a system of interconnected and influence each other, such as the quality of health care.
Environment
All state outside the system but can affect health.
Level of Health Services
According leavel & Clark in providing health services should look at the level of health care that will be provided, namely:
Health promotion (health promotion)
Is the first level in providing services through health promotion, eg personal hygiene, environmental sanitation improvements.
Specifik protection (special protection)
Communities protected from harm / penyakit2 particular. Eg: immunization, safety protection
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment (early diagnosis and treatment right away)
It's getting the disease symptoms, Ex: survey screening cases.
Disability Limitation (barring defects)
Taken to prevent the patient or the public are not impacted due to disability caused by the disease.
Rehabilitation (rehab)
Conducted after the patient was diagnosed healed. Often at this stage found in the recovery phase of the disability such exercises are given to patients.
Health care agencies
Outpatient
Institutions
Hospice
Community Based Agency
The scope of the health care system
Tertiary health service: experts / subspesialis (RS type A or B)
Secondary health care: hospital specialists who are available
Primary health care: health center, health center
Hospitals can be divided into several types according to categories:
According to the owner: government, private
According to the philosophy espoused: profit hospital and a for-profit hospital
Organized by type of service: General Hospital and the Specialty Hospital
By location (government): central, provincial and district
According to the capabilities of hospitals in Indonesia can be classified into several categories:
Hospital type A: Specialist and sub-specialist wider, Top referral hospital
Hospital Type B: Specialist and sub-specialist is limited, referral services from the district
Hospital type C: Specialist Limited, a referral from a health center services
Hospital type D: Services referral from health centers
Hospital type E: (hospitals): Mental Hospital, Heart Hospital, Pulmonary Hospital, cancer, leprosy.
- Health Center Health Department supervised by district / city public health efforts related activities (SMEs)
- Health Center fostered by the hospital district / city individual health related efforts (UKP)
Currently in the process of merging SMEs and UKP
SMEs
Government and active participation of the community and the private sector.
Includes: promkes, maintenance chan, P2M, keswa, ill infectious disease control, basic sanitation, nutrition society should be,
UKP
can be held by the public, private and government.
Includes: promkes, prevention, treatment of the RWT, RWT pengobt hospitalization, rehabilitation
Health Center:
IHC toddlers and elderly
Early Childhood Education (ECD)
Polindes (village polyclinic)
Puskesmas mostly just used as a transit application for referral.
Trend Issues healthcare
The fragmentation of services
implementation of autonomy
establishment of health centers as the spearhead
The budget allocation promotive and prepentive
And lack of human resources
Factors affecting health care
New science & technology
Shifting public values
Legal and ethical aspects
Economy
Politics
The issue of health care system
Health Efforts
Health Financing
Health Human Resources
Pharmaceutical Products, Medical Devices and Food
Management and Health Information
Community Empowerment
Act health care system
Basis Fair, Pancasila
Constitutional Basis, the 1945 Constitution, in particular: Article 28 A, every person has the right to live and to defend life and living.
A paragraph of Article 28 (1), every person has the right to live physical and spiritual prosperity, residence, and get a good environment and healthy as well as receive care.
Healthy Vision Indonesia
Achieving the millennium development goals (Millennium Development Goals / MDGs) established by the United Nations and the government of Indonesia, namely:
Reducing infant and maternal mortality during delivery
Reduce the number of hunger (malnutrition)
Reduce infant mortality and under-five
Controlling the transmission of infectious diseases, particularly tuberculosis and HIV
The challenges of health care
Global and Regional
Globalization is a change widespread human interaction, which includes economic, political, social, cultural, technological, and environmental.
National and Local Level
At the national level there is a process of political, such as decentralization, democratization, and the politics of health that impact on health development, for example: the number of participants local elections (elections) who use health issues as political appointments.
Nurses Role and Function
Role of Nurses as providers of nursing care
The role of nurse as client advocate
Role of Nurse as Educator
The role of nurse as coordinator
Role of Nurses as a collaborator
Role of Nurses as Consultants
Role of Nurses as Updates:
- Role of Nurse as Educator in Nursing
- Role of Nurse as Manager of Nursing Services
- Role of Nurse as a Researcher and Developer Services Nursing
Nurses function
Independent Functions
The act does not require the doctor nurse example: physical assessment, Assist patients in performing daily activities.
Function Dependent
Nurses help doctors provide treatment and specific actions that the authority of the doctor and the doctor should have been done, such as infusion, medication and perform injections
Interdependent functions
Nursing actions based on working with the health care team or teams.
For example: Pregnant women with diabetes
- Nutritionists contribute to meal planning
- Nurses teach patients choose to eat everyday.
Conclusion
Nursing care provided in a variety of health care arrangements at the primary, secondary, and tertiary
Nursing services as the system is affected by the input, process and output
The nursing care is an integral part of the overall health care system
Nursing services influence the achievement of quality health services
Nursing services contribute to the development of national health
