Pathophysiology
Snake venom into the body, causing power toxin. Toxic is spread through the blood circulation which can interfere with a variety of systems. Like, neurogist system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system.
In the neurological system disorders, toxic to the nerve is associated with the respiratory system which can lead to edema of the respiratory tract, causing difficulty breathing.
In the cardiovascular system, the toxic affect the blood vessels that can lead to hypotension. While the respiratory system may result in hypovolemic shock and severe coagulopathy occur which can result in respiratory failure.
Pathway
- It's hard to breathe
- Can snakes get into the body
- Power toxic spread through the bloodstream
- Impaired system
- Neuroligist
- Impaired system
- Cardiovascular
- Impaired system
- Respiratory
- Oedema of the respiratory tract
- Toxic enter blood vessels
- Severe coagulopathy
- Hypotension
- Respiratory failure
- Regarding the nerves associated with the respiratory system
- Hypovolemic shock
Clinical Manifestations
In general, there will be local symptoms and systemic symptoms at all snake bites. Local symptoms: edema, tenderness at the bite wound, ecchymosis (skin darkness of blood trapped in the tissue under the skin).
Compartment syndrome is one of the typical symptoms of venomous snake bites, which occur edema (swelling) of the legs marked with 5P: pain (pain), pallor (pale face), paresthesia (numbness), paralysis (paralysis of the muscles), pulselesness (pulses) .
Signs and symptoms specific to the family snake bites:
a. Elapidae bites
Eg: cobra, snake Weling, Welang snake, cobra, snake anang, chili snakes, coral snakes, mambas, kraits), features:
1) Shot of the cobra in the eye can cause throbbing pain, stiffness of the eyelids, swelling around the mouth.
2) description of severe pain, blisters, and skin damage.
3) 15 minutes after being bitten by a snake emerging systemic symptoms. 10 hours paralysis veins appear on the face, lips, tongue, throat, so it is difficult to speak, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, decreased eyelid, headache, cold skin, vomiting, blurred vision, numbness around the mouth, and death can occur within 24 hours.
b. Viperidae bites / Crotalidae
Suppose the land snakes, green snakes, snake bandotan Puspo, features:
1) Local symptoms occur in 15 minutes, or after a few hours in the form of swelling near the bite that spreads to the whole body.
2) Systemic symptoms appear after 50 minutes or after a few hours.
3) severe poisoning characterized by swelling in the elbow and knee in 2 hours or marked by severe bleeding.
c. Bites Hydropiidae
For example, sea snakes, features:
1) Immediately headache, thick tongue, sweating, and vomiting.
2) After 30 minutes to a few hours usually appear stiff and sore thorough, dilated pupils, jaw muscle spasms, muscle paralysis, mioglobulinuria marked with dark brown urine (this is important for the diagnosis), kidney damage, cardiac arrest.
d. Bites Crotalidae
For example, land snakes, green snakes, snake bandotan Puspo, features:
1) Local symptoms found canine bite marks, swelling, ecchymosis, pain in the bite area, all these indications of the need for the provision of polyvalent antivenin crotalidae.
2) Anemia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia.
Other signs and symptoms of venomous snakebite can be divided into several categories:
a. Local effects, bitten by some snake viper or cobra pose and perlunakan pain in the bite area. Ries great swell and bleed and blister. Some can also be deadly cobras tissue around the bite wound.
b. Bleeding, bites by elapid family viperidae or Australia can cause bleeding of internal organs, such as brain or abdominal organs. Victims can bleed from the bite wound or spontaneous bleeding from the mouth or old wounds. Uncontrolled bleeding can lead to shock or even death.
c. Nervous system effects, can elapid snakes and sea snakes can be a direct effect on the nervous system. Cobra and the mamba snake venom can act especially quickly stop the respiratory muscles, resulting in death before receiving treatment. Initially, the victim may suffer from visual problems, difficulty speaking and breathing, and tingling.
d. Muscle death, russell's viper can from (Daboia russelli), sea snakes, and some Australian elapid can directly cause the death of the muscle in some areas of the body. Debris from the dead muscle cells can clog the kidneys, which is trying to filter out the protein. This can lead to kidney failure.
e. Eyes, bursts of cobra venom and can precisely ringhal the victim's eyes, resulting in pain and damage, and even temporary blindness in the eye.
Snake venom into the body, causing power toxin. Toxic is spread through the blood circulation which can interfere with a variety of systems. Like, neurogist system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system.
In the neurological system disorders, toxic to the nerve is associated with the respiratory system which can lead to edema of the respiratory tract, causing difficulty breathing.
In the cardiovascular system, the toxic affect the blood vessels that can lead to hypotension. While the respiratory system may result in hypovolemic shock and severe coagulopathy occur which can result in respiratory failure.
Pathway
- It's hard to breathe
- Can snakes get into the body
- Power toxic spread through the bloodstream
- Impaired system
- Neuroligist
- Impaired system
- Cardiovascular
- Impaired system
- Respiratory
- Oedema of the respiratory tract
- Toxic enter blood vessels
- Severe coagulopathy
- Hypotension
- Respiratory failure
- Regarding the nerves associated with the respiratory system
- Hypovolemic shock
Clinical Manifestations
In general, there will be local symptoms and systemic symptoms at all snake bites. Local symptoms: edema, tenderness at the bite wound, ecchymosis (skin darkness of blood trapped in the tissue under the skin).
Compartment syndrome is one of the typical symptoms of venomous snake bites, which occur edema (swelling) of the legs marked with 5P: pain (pain), pallor (pale face), paresthesia (numbness), paralysis (paralysis of the muscles), pulselesness (pulses) .
Signs and symptoms specific to the family snake bites:
a. Elapidae bites
Eg: cobra, snake Weling, Welang snake, cobra, snake anang, chili snakes, coral snakes, mambas, kraits), features:
1) Shot of the cobra in the eye can cause throbbing pain, stiffness of the eyelids, swelling around the mouth.
2) description of severe pain, blisters, and skin damage.
3) 15 minutes after being bitten by a snake emerging systemic symptoms. 10 hours paralysis veins appear on the face, lips, tongue, throat, so it is difficult to speak, difficulty swallowing, muscle weakness, decreased eyelid, headache, cold skin, vomiting, blurred vision, numbness around the mouth, and death can occur within 24 hours.
b. Viperidae bites / Crotalidae
Suppose the land snakes, green snakes, snake bandotan Puspo, features:
1) Local symptoms occur in 15 minutes, or after a few hours in the form of swelling near the bite that spreads to the whole body.
2) Systemic symptoms appear after 50 minutes or after a few hours.
3) severe poisoning characterized by swelling in the elbow and knee in 2 hours or marked by severe bleeding.
c. Bites Hydropiidae
For example, sea snakes, features:
1) Immediately headache, thick tongue, sweating, and vomiting.
2) After 30 minutes to a few hours usually appear stiff and sore thorough, dilated pupils, jaw muscle spasms, muscle paralysis, mioglobulinuria marked with dark brown urine (this is important for the diagnosis), kidney damage, cardiac arrest.
d. Bites Crotalidae
For example, land snakes, green snakes, snake bandotan Puspo, features:
1) Local symptoms found canine bite marks, swelling, ecchymosis, pain in the bite area, all these indications of the need for the provision of polyvalent antivenin crotalidae.
2) Anemia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia.
Other signs and symptoms of venomous snakebite can be divided into several categories:
a. Local effects, bitten by some snake viper or cobra pose and perlunakan pain in the bite area. Ries great swell and bleed and blister. Some can also be deadly cobras tissue around the bite wound.
b. Bleeding, bites by elapid family viperidae or Australia can cause bleeding of internal organs, such as brain or abdominal organs. Victims can bleed from the bite wound or spontaneous bleeding from the mouth or old wounds. Uncontrolled bleeding can lead to shock or even death.
c. Nervous system effects, can elapid snakes and sea snakes can be a direct effect on the nervous system. Cobra and the mamba snake venom can act especially quickly stop the respiratory muscles, resulting in death before receiving treatment. Initially, the victim may suffer from visual problems, difficulty speaking and breathing, and tingling.
d. Muscle death, russell's viper can from (Daboia russelli), sea snakes, and some Australian elapid can directly cause the death of the muscle in some areas of the body. Debris from the dead muscle cells can clog the kidneys, which is trying to filter out the protein. This can lead to kidney failure.
e. Eyes, bursts of cobra venom and can precisely ringhal the victim's eyes, resulting in pain and damage, and even temporary blindness in the eye.
