Immune System And Hematology
Definition of Hematology ..
Hematology is the branch of medical science that studies the blood, blood-forming organs and disease. Originally he said, from the Greek meaning blood haima
Understanding Blood
Human blood is a liquid tissue. Its main function is to transport oxygen needed by cells throughout the body. Blood also supplies tissues with nutrients, transporting metabolic waste substances, and contains various building blocks of the immune system that aims to defend the body from various diseases. The hormones of sistemendokrin also circulated through the blood.
Understanding the Immune System
• Immune System (English Idioms: Immune system) ad / human defense system for protection against infection from foreign macromolecules / invading organisms including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and parasites.
• immune system also plays a role in resistance to body proteins and other molecules such as happened in autoimmunity and against a tumor cell that teraberasi.
• Immune System / immune ad / external influences biological protection system made by special cells and organs in an organism.
• If the immune system is working properly, the system will protect the body against bacterial and viral infections as well as cancer cells and destroy foreign substances in the body.
Immune System Function
• Lymph nodes: small bean-shaped lymphatic lying along the way, collected in specific sites such as the neck, axillae, groin.
• Marrow: all immune system cells derived from stem cells in the bone marrow. Bone marrow ad / place of origin of red blood cells, white blood cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) and platelets.
• thymus: the thymus gland lymphoid cells undergo a process of maturation before it escapes into the circulation. This process allows T cells to develop important attributes which are known as self-tolerance.
• The mucosa associated lymphoid tissue: in addition to the lymphoid tissue concentrated in the lymph nodes and spleen, lymphoid jar is also found in other temmpat such as the gastrointestinal tract, sal sal respiratory and urogenital.
Non-specific defense mechanisms
• Judging from the way he acquired, non-specific defense mechanism called the natural immune response. Which is a non-specific defense mechanisms tubuhkita is the glans skin, mucosal lining of the enzyme, as well as other glands such as the tear glands enzyme
• Similarly, phagocytic cells (macrophages, monocytes, polymorphonuclear) and the complement is a component of non-specific defense mechanisms.
Specific Defense Mechanisms .. ..
• When a non-specific defense can not mengatasiinvasi microorganisms that specific immunity akanterangsang. Adalahmekanisme specific defense mechanisms of defense played by lymphocytes, with or without the help of other components such sistemimun komplemen.Dilihat cells and macrophages derived from the way the specific mekanismepertahanan also called acquired immune response.
Specific Defense Mechanisms (Humoral and Cellular Immunity)
• Humoral immunity is immunity, played by B lymphocyte cells by immunocompetent cells lainnya.Tugas atautanpa help B cells will be carried out by the immunoglobulin secreted by selplasma. There are five classes of imunoglobulinyang we know, the IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, danIgE. Cellular immunity is defined as suaturespons yangdiperankan antigens by immune T lymphocytes with or tanpabantuan other immune system components.
Distribution Immunglobulin
• Antibody A (English: I mmunoglobulin A, I ga) is an antibody that plays an important role in immunity mukosis (en: mucosal immune). IgA is found in many parts of the body secretions (saliva, mucus, tears, colostrum and milk) as siga (en: secretory IgA) in the protection of the exposed surface of the organs of the body by preventing the attachment of bacteria and viruses to mucous membranes. Contributions fragments with binding constant SIGA mukusmemungkinkan binding microbial components.
• Antibody D (English: D immunoglobulin, IgD) is a monomer with a fragment that can bind 2epitop. IgD was found on the surface of cells perceiving together with IgM or SIGA, where IgD can control the activation and suppression of cell B. IgD plays a role in controlling cell autoantibody production B. The ratio of serum IgD is only about 0.2%.
• Antibodies E (English: E antibody, immunoglobulin E, IgE) is a type of antibody that can only be found in a mammal. IgE has a major role in allergic hypersensitivity, especially in type 1. IgE is also implicit in the immune system that responds to parasitic worms (helminth) such as Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, and Fasciola hepatica, as well as against certain protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum, and arthropods.
• G antibodies (English: Immunoglobulin G, IgG) antibody monomeris is formed of two heavy chains and light chains, which bind to each other by disulfide bonds and has two antigen-binding fragments. Highest IgG populations in the body and fairly evenly distributed in the blood and body fluids to serum ratio of approximately 75% in humans and the half-life of 7 to 23 days depending on sub-type.
• Antibody M (English: Immunoglobulin M, IgM, macroglobulin) are antibodies that are at the basis of plasma B. With a ratio of 13% serum, IgM is the antibody with the largest size, shape pentameris 10 epitope binding area, and soon teredar body exposed early immune response to antigen (en: primarimmuneresponse) in the range of a half-life of about 5 days. Monomeris shape of IgM can be found on the surface of B-lymphocytes and B-cell receptor. IgM is the first antibody that sparked the first 20 weeks of fetal life and the life of a human being develops fitogenetik (en: phylogenetic). IgM constant fragment is part of the classical complement path moves.
