Communication In Organizations
COMMUNICATIONS ORGANIZATION
A. Definition
- Communication comes from the Latin word "communis" or "common" in English that means the same. Communicating means that we strive to achieve uniformity of meaning, "commonness". Or the expression, through communication we try to share information, ideas, or attitudes to other participants.
- When two people are together, they communicate continuously because they can not behave. PALO ALTO strongly believe that one can not not communicate (Palo Alto)
- Communication is a process of exchange of information among depressed individuals through a common system (common), either by means of symbols, signs or behavior or action. (Himstreet & Baty)
- Everet M. Roger in his book Communication in Organization, defines the organization as an established system of people working together to achieve common goals, through the ranks, and the division of tasks.
- Organizational Communication can be defined as the performance and interpretation of messages between communication units that are part of a particular organization.
- An organization consists of units of communication in hierarchical relationships between each other and work in an environment
B. Communications
Unit
•
A system is defined by the Pool [1973] as "any entity that can be sustained
in a two state or more".
•
In a communication system, the situation is the relationship between people.
•
In a state of organizational communication system address is the relationship
between people in positions [positions].
•
basic unit of communication in an organization is one position. People
can be socialized by the office, creating a cycle that is more appropriate to
the circumstances of position, at the same positions they will be personalized,
results in a figure or image that correspond to the state of the page.
C. Communication
Process
Broadly
speaking, the communication process is divided into two, namely:
1. Internal
Communication
2. External
Communications
1. Internal
Communication
a. Downward
communication, the communication that takes place when people who are at the
management level to send a message to his subordinates. The function of
the flow of communication from top to bottom are:
ü
Providing storage or work instructions (job instruction)
ü
A description of the leadership of why a task needs to be done (job retionnale)
ü
Submission of information regarding the applicable regulations (procedures and
practices)
ü
Providing motivation for employees to work better.
b. Upward
communication, the communication that occurs when subordinates (subordinate) to
send a message to his superiors. The function of
the flow of communication from the bottom up are:
ü
Submission informai on job work or duties that have been implemented
ü
Submission of information on employment issues or tasks that can not be
resolved by subordinates
ü
Submission of suggestions for improvement of the subordinate
ü
Submission of complaints from subordinates about himself and his work.
c. Horizontal
communication, the act of communication is taking place among the employees or
the part that has an equal footing. The function of the
horizontal flow of communication is:
ü Improve the coordination
task
ü Efforts problem solving
ü Information sharing
ü conflict resolution efforts
ü Developing
relationships through joint activities.
2. External
Communications
Organization's
external communication is communication between the leadership of the
organization with audiences outside the organization. In
large organizations, communication is mostly done by the head of public
relations of the leaders themselves. 's
Own leadership is limited to things that ianggap very important. External
Communication consists of reciprocal lines:
a. Communication from the
organization to the public. Communication
is carried out generally as informative, done in such a way that the audience
feel have an involvement, at least there is an inner connection. This
communication can be through a variety of forms, such as: magazine
organization's press release; articles in newspapers or magazines; radio
address; documentary; brochures; leaflets; poster; press conference.
b. Communication from the
audience to the organization. Communication
from the audience to the organization is the effect of the feedback and
communication activities undertaken by the organization.
D. Factors Affecting the
Effectiveness of Communication
1. Formal
communication channels
SKF
affect communication effectiveness with 2 ways:
ü
Coverage Formal channel widening in keeping with the organization's collapse
ex. Effective
communication is difficult to achieve within a big organization and cabang2nya
spread
ü SKF
can impede the flow of information between levels of the organization
ex. Submission
of information from lower-level officials can be delivered on top of it, ill
always directly on the manager / director
2. Organizational
authority structure
The
difference in power and status (status) within the organization will determine
the pihak2 communicate with someone as well as the content and accuracy of
communication
3. Specialization
office
ü
The members of a group working together will tend to communicate with the term,
objectives, timing and style of the same
ü
Communication between different groups tend to be hampered
4. Ownership of
information
ü
Individuals who have special information and knowledge you know about their
work
ü Ex. Head of nursing, chief
administrative
E. Organizational
Communication Functions
In
an organization both commercially and socially oriented, communication within
the organization or agency would involve four functions, namely:
1. Informative
function
Organizations
can be viewed as an information processing system (information-processing
system). That
is, all members of an organization hope to gain more information, better and
timely. The
information obtained allows every member of the organization to carry out their
work in a more definite information is basically required by all those who have
different positions in an organization. The
people at the level of management the information needed to make an organization's
policies or to address conflicts in the organization. While
employee (subordinate) requires information about security, social security and
health, and so leave permission.
2. Regulative
function
Regulatory
function is associated with the regulations in force in an organization. In
every agency or organization, there are two things that affect the regulatory
functions, namely:
a. Superiors
or people who are at the level of management that is those who have the
authority to control all of the information submitted. Besides,
they also have the authority to give instructions or orders, resulting in the
possibility of organizational structure they are placed on the top layer
(position of authority) so that the commands executed properly. However,
the attitude of subordinates to execute many commands depends on:
ü
validity penyampaikan leadership in command.
ü The power of
leadership in giving sanction.
ü
trust subordinates to superiors as a leader and as a person.
ü The
credibility of the message received by subordinates.
b. In relation to the message or
message. Regulative
messages basically oriented work. That
is, subordinate regulations require certainty about the job and should not be
allowed to be implemented.
3. Persuasive
Functions
In
arranging an organization, power and authority will not always bring results as
expected. The
fact is, many leaders who prefer to persuade subordinates rather than giving
orders. Because
the work is done voluntarily by employees will result in a greater concern than
if leaders often show power and authority.
4. Integrative
Functions
Every
organization is trying to provide a channel that allows employees and job tasks
can be executed properly. There
are two formal communication channels such as publishing specialized in the
organization (newsletters, bulletins) and a progress report oraganisasi; too
informal communication channels such as interpersonal conversations during work
breaks, sporting events or field trip activities. Implementation
of these activities will foster a desire for greater participation of employees
within the organization.
