REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISORDERS
Infertility
Primary infertility: the wife had never been pregnant even copulate and faced the possibility of pregnancy for 12 months.
Secondary infertility: wife been pregnant, then the pregnancy does not happen again though copulate and faced with the possibility of pregnancy for 12 months.
Infertility problems can occur in:
• Problem sperm:
Sperm concentration: 20-60 million / ml are considered normal, if less than 10 million / ml increasingly difficult
Motility: motile sperm increasingly more effective
Morphology: to determine the shape of sperm
• Vaginal Problems
Blockages: psikogen, vaginismus, disparenia
Inflammation: Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis
• Cervical Problems
Cervical canal blockage
Abnormal cervical mucus
Malposition of cervix
• Uterine Problems
Uterine cavity distortion
Myoma uteri
Uterine polyps
Impaired contraction of the uterus
• Problem tuba
Tubal blockage, checked with pertubasi, examining the potential for tube with streets on CO2 gas blowing through a cannula or Foley catheter is placed in the cervix canal
• Ovarian Problems
Presence or absence of ovulation
• Problem peritoneum
Presence or absence of inflammation or other abnormalities that interfere with fertility
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
And menstrual cycle disorders can be classified in:
1.Kelainan in the amount and duration of menstrual bleeding blood:
Hipermenorea or Menorrhagia
Hipomenorea
2Kelainan cycle:
Polimenorea
Oligomenorrhoea
Amenorrhoea
3.Perdarahan outside of menstruation:
Metroragia
Another 4.Gangguan are associated with menstruation:
Dysmenorrhoea
HIPERMENOREA / menorrhagia
Menstrual bleeding that much more and much longer than normal, cause uterine myomas, endometrial polyps cause contractility.
HIPOMENOREA:
Menstrual bleeding is shorter than usual., Usually caused by endocrine disorders or myomectomy
POLIMENOREA:
Menstrual cycles shorter than normal (<21 days). The cause was ovarian endocrine disruption or congestion due to inflammation, endometriosis, etc.. If accompanied by heavy bleeding called: Polimenoragia
Oligomenorrhoea:
Menstrual cycle is longer than normal (. 35 days), can be caused by the influence of psychological or TB disease
Amenorrhoea:
The absence of menstruation 3 consecutive months. Could be due to tuberculosis, lues, or due to tumor curettage (Asherman's syndrome)
METRORAGIA:
Irregular bleeding and no relation to the menstrual cycle. Caused by abortion, pregnancy ektopic, corpus uteri carcinoma, carcinoma cervix and endometritis haemoragika.
DYSMENOREA;
State of pain during menstruation. Psychic causes, anemia, chronic illness (tuberculosis), cervikalis canal obstruction, endocrine abnormalities.
KET (ruptured ectopic pregnancy)
Limitation: Air implantation of the conceptus beyond the endometrium, usually in the Fallopian tubes, but can also be in the ovaries or abdomen
Etiology:
Disruption of transportation of the products of conception
Pelvic inflammatory (PID)
IUD
Narrowing of the lumen due to tumor
Hormonal disorders:
Ovulation induction
Late ovulation
Clinical symptoms:
Signs of pregnancy: amenoroe, nausea
Enlargement of the uterus, which is accompanied by a mass / tumor adnexal region
Abdominal pain, and pain during cervical shaken
Bleeding, and consequently hypovolemic
Stand of Douglas cavity due to blood clot
Treatment:
Laparotomy: salfingektomi or salfingo-oophorectomy
Overcome the shock with transfusions
CYSTOMA ovary
Ovarian tumors are benign cyst, the corpus luteum derived from (non-neoplastic) but there is also a neoplastic.
The cyst has a flat and smooth surface, usually stemmed, often bilateral, and can be great. Thin cyst wall and cyst fluid in the clear, serus and yellow.
Clinical symptoms:
The existence of mass in the abdomen
Pain when no torque on that stemmed kistoma
Management: operative, with resection of ovarian cyst removal
Myoma uteri
Benign tumors in the uterine muscle, based on shared location:
Myoma submucosa: located under the endometrium
Interstitial / Intramural: terlrtak the myometrium
Subserous: located under the tunica serosa
Etiology: not clear, suspected of cells are immature muscle cells
Clinical symptoms:
Often no symptoms
The existence of mass / lump under belly
Bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Treatment:
Conservative, if there is no complaint, with periodic checks
Operation:
Myomektomi
Hysterektomi: the large and multiple myoma
Hydatidiform mole
Limitation: a benign neoplasm of the trophoblast, where there is a failure formation of the placenta or fetus, with the villi that bubble like formations that resemble grapes.
Clinical symptoms:
Early pregnancy signs that accompanied repeated bleeding
Hyperemesis
Not felt fetal movement or balotemen
High uterus is larger than gestational age
The exit bubble mola with bleeding
Galli-Mainini positive titration until dilution 1/400
Treatment:
Fix general state
Curettage
Give ergometrin 3 x I tablets for 5-7 days
Carcinoma of the cervix
Malignant tumor of the cervix, and a majority of cases, patients aged between 30-60 years, most 45-50 years
Etiology:
The direct cause is unknown, but closely related factors:
Rarely found in the virgin (virgo)
Often at the wedding, especially at first coitus girl at a young age <16 years
Often on multiparity, especially at closer distances
Often in women with poor hygiene suksual
Often in women who changed partner change sek
Often in women whose husbands were not circumcision (no smegma)
Often in women who are infected with HPV (Human Papilloma Virus, type 16 or 18)
Often in women smokers
Division rate of malignancy:
Level I: carcinoma in situ, the basal membrane is intact
Level II: micro-invasive carcinoma, has occurred but has not spread to the pelvic wall
Level III: the spread was up to third distal vagina or parametrium to the pelvic wall
Level IV: distant metastases have occurred
Clinical features:
Whitish, the longer stink
Bleeding after coitus
Spontaneous bleeding
Symptoms of distant metastases
To find an early diagnosis is necessary to check the cervix called cytology smears: Pap Smear
Treatment:
At an early stage (in situ) performed a simple hysterectomy
At level II performed radiotherapy
At level III and IV and palliative radiotherapy
Infertility
Primary infertility: the wife had never been pregnant even copulate and faced the possibility of pregnancy for 12 months.
Secondary infertility: wife been pregnant, then the pregnancy does not happen again though copulate and faced with the possibility of pregnancy for 12 months.
Infertility problems can occur in:
• Problem sperm:
Sperm concentration: 20-60 million / ml are considered normal, if less than 10 million / ml increasingly difficult
Motility: motile sperm increasingly more effective
Morphology: to determine the shape of sperm
• Vaginal Problems
Blockages: psikogen, vaginismus, disparenia
Inflammation: Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis
• Cervical Problems
Cervical canal blockage
Abnormal cervical mucus
Malposition of cervix
• Uterine Problems
Uterine cavity distortion
Myoma uteri
Uterine polyps
Impaired contraction of the uterus
• Problem tuba
Tubal blockage, checked with pertubasi, examining the potential for tube with streets on CO2 gas blowing through a cannula or Foley catheter is placed in the cervix canal
• Ovarian Problems
Presence or absence of ovulation
• Problem peritoneum
Presence or absence of inflammation or other abnormalities that interfere with fertility
MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
And menstrual cycle disorders can be classified in:
1.Kelainan in the amount and duration of menstrual bleeding blood:
Hipermenorea or Menorrhagia
Hipomenorea
2Kelainan cycle:
Polimenorea
Oligomenorrhoea
Amenorrhoea
3.Perdarahan outside of menstruation:
Metroragia
Another 4.Gangguan are associated with menstruation:
Dysmenorrhoea
HIPERMENOREA / menorrhagia
Menstrual bleeding that much more and much longer than normal, cause uterine myomas, endometrial polyps cause contractility.
HIPOMENOREA:
Menstrual bleeding is shorter than usual., Usually caused by endocrine disorders or myomectomy
POLIMENOREA:
Menstrual cycles shorter than normal (<21 days). The cause was ovarian endocrine disruption or congestion due to inflammation, endometriosis, etc.. If accompanied by heavy bleeding called: Polimenoragia
Oligomenorrhoea:
Menstrual cycle is longer than normal (. 35 days), can be caused by the influence of psychological or TB disease
Amenorrhoea:
The absence of menstruation 3 consecutive months. Could be due to tuberculosis, lues, or due to tumor curettage (Asherman's syndrome)
METRORAGIA:
Irregular bleeding and no relation to the menstrual cycle. Caused by abortion, pregnancy ektopic, corpus uteri carcinoma, carcinoma cervix and endometritis haemoragika.
DYSMENOREA;
State of pain during menstruation. Psychic causes, anemia, chronic illness (tuberculosis), cervikalis canal obstruction, endocrine abnormalities.
KET (ruptured ectopic pregnancy)
Limitation: Air implantation of the conceptus beyond the endometrium, usually in the Fallopian tubes, but can also be in the ovaries or abdomen
Etiology:
Disruption of transportation of the products of conception
Pelvic inflammatory (PID)
IUD
Narrowing of the lumen due to tumor
Hormonal disorders:
Ovulation induction
Late ovulation
Clinical symptoms:
Signs of pregnancy: amenoroe, nausea
Enlargement of the uterus, which is accompanied by a mass / tumor adnexal region
Abdominal pain, and pain during cervical shaken
Bleeding, and consequently hypovolemic
Stand of Douglas cavity due to blood clot
Treatment:
Laparotomy: salfingektomi or salfingo-oophorectomy
Overcome the shock with transfusions
CYSTOMA ovary
Ovarian tumors are benign cyst, the corpus luteum derived from (non-neoplastic) but there is also a neoplastic.
The cyst has a flat and smooth surface, usually stemmed, often bilateral, and can be great. Thin cyst wall and cyst fluid in the clear, serus and yellow.
Clinical symptoms:
The existence of mass in the abdomen
Pain when no torque on that stemmed kistoma
Management: operative, with resection of ovarian cyst removal
Myoma uteri
Benign tumors in the uterine muscle, based on shared location:
Myoma submucosa: located under the endometrium
Interstitial / Intramural: terlrtak the myometrium
Subserous: located under the tunica serosa
Etiology: not clear, suspected of cells are immature muscle cells
Clinical symptoms:
Often no symptoms
The existence of mass / lump under belly
Bleeding
Lower abdominal pain
Treatment:
Conservative, if there is no complaint, with periodic checks
Operation:
Myomektomi
Hysterektomi: the large and multiple myoma
Hydatidiform mole
Limitation: a benign neoplasm of the trophoblast, where there is a failure formation of the placenta or fetus, with the villi that bubble like formations that resemble grapes.
Clinical symptoms:
Early pregnancy signs that accompanied repeated bleeding
Hyperemesis
Not felt fetal movement or balotemen
High uterus is larger than gestational age
The exit bubble mola with bleeding
Galli-Mainini positive titration until dilution 1/400
Treatment:
Fix general state
Curettage
Give ergometrin 3 x I tablets for 5-7 days
Carcinoma of the cervix
Malignant tumor of the cervix, and a majority of cases, patients aged between 30-60 years, most 45-50 years
Etiology:
The direct cause is unknown, but closely related factors:
Rarely found in the virgin (virgo)
Often at the wedding, especially at first coitus girl at a young age <16 years
Often on multiparity, especially at closer distances
Often in women with poor hygiene suksual
Often in women who changed partner change sek
Often in women whose husbands were not circumcision (no smegma)
Often in women who are infected with HPV (Human Papilloma Virus, type 16 or 18)
Often in women smokers
Division rate of malignancy:
Level I: carcinoma in situ, the basal membrane is intact
Level II: micro-invasive carcinoma, has occurred but has not spread to the pelvic wall
Level III: the spread was up to third distal vagina or parametrium to the pelvic wall
Level IV: distant metastases have occurred
Clinical features:
Whitish, the longer stink
Bleeding after coitus
Spontaneous bleeding
Symptoms of distant metastases
To find an early diagnosis is necessary to check the cervix called cytology smears: Pap Smear
Treatment:
At an early stage (in situ) performed a simple hysterectomy
At level II performed radiotherapy
At level III and IV and palliative radiotherapy
