CONCEPT OF LOSS
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Loss and death consume is ah events of human experience is universal and unique invidual. Life is a series kehialangan and achievement. Children who start walking achieving independence with mobility. An elderly with visual and auditory changes may lose reliability him. Illness and hospitalization often involving multiple loss.
Perawata working with clients who are experiencing any type of loss. Coping mechanisms affect a person's ability to confront and accept the loss.
A. CONCEPT OF LOSS
1. LOSE definition
Lost:
- The condition in which a person has a deficiency or incompleteness something that previously existed
- Situations in which individuals lose something there sbelumnya
- Ex: amputations, impaired body functions, terminal illness, etc.
2. LOSS OF
a. Lost Maturasional
Loss caused by the transition to normal life for the first time, Ex; children start walking to lose body image during her baby. Women who experience menopause lose the ability to conceive.
b. Loss of Situational
Loss that occurs suddenly in response to a specific external event, Ex; sudden death of loved ones
3. TYPES OF LOSS
a. Real Loss
Losing can be identified by the individual or others
Ex; Amputation, loss of bodily functions, etc.
b. Loss of perceived
Loss can be felt by individuals, but not by others
Ex; Menurungnya esteem, reduced confidence / security, etc.
4. LOSE CATEGORIES
a. Loss of External Objects
Includes all property that has become money, move, stolen, or damaged due to natural disasters. The depth of grief that one feels the lost object depends on the value and usefulness of the object.
b. Losing the known
Loss related to the separation of the environment that have been known to leave the covering has been known for a certain period or permanently move
c. Losing the nearest
People nearby include parents, spouse, siblings, children, friends and co-workers. Loss can occur due to separation, moving, promotion elsewhere, and death.
d. Loss of self Aspects
Loss of self-aspects may include parts of the body, physiological functions, or psychological.
e. Loss of life
A person who is facing death live, feel, think and respond to events and people around him to the death. Although most people are afraid of death and anxious about death, the same problem would not be as important for the attitude of people.
5. FACTORS AFFECTING RESPONSE TO LOSE
a. The perception individuals to lose
b. The intensity of the source / stressor
c. Past experience
d. Physical and mental status
e. Genetic
f. Stage of development
g. Coping mechanisms
h. Support system
i. Structure of personality
B. CONCEPT mourning and Sorrows
1. Definition
a. Bekabung is a process that follows a loss and includes trying to get through grief
b. Grief is a process of experiencing psychological reactions, social, and physical against the perceived loss (Rando, 1991)
The process of grieving and mourning are profound, internal, sad and prolonged. The terms grief, mourning, and lost because of deaths is often used to overlap.
2. CONCEPT AND THEORY grieving
a. Theory Engel (1964)
The grieving process has three phases, namely;
Phase I: Shock and disbelief
Individuals may deny the reality of the loss and pulled away, sitting immobile, or wander aimlessly.
Phase II: Develop keasadaran
Individuals began to start feeling lost suddenly and may experience despair. Crying is in line with the typical individual receiving loss
Phase III: Identifying and Restitution
Reality known loss. Anger and depression are no longer needed. Individuals move from the level of emotional and intellectual functioning lower a higher level. Developing self-awareness.
b. The theory of Kubler-Ross (1969)
Focusing on behavior and includes five stages, namely;
Phase I: Denial (Denial)
- R ..... The first individual ..... Insecurity, Shock
- R ..... Physical: weak, Pale, etc.
- Ex: "No way, definitely the wrong examination
Phase II: Anger (Angry)
- Projections against people or objects around him
- Physical Reaction: red face, fist hands, fidgeting, Nadi fast, Aggressive Behavior,
- Ex: "Not incompetent nurse / health care here"
Phase III: bergaining (bargain)
- Expressions of guilt, fear, etc.
- Ex: "If I was given life, I will be obedient worship"
Phase 4: Depression
- Attitude withdrew, unwilling to speak, desperate
- Behavior that often arises: refusing to eat, insomnis, etc.
Phase 5: Acceptance (Acceptance)
- In connection with the Reorganization feelings of loss
- Mind the object loses focus began to decrease
- Ex: "yeah, maybe it's my destiny"
C. Theory Rando (1991)
Defines grief responses into 3 categories:
Phase 1: Avoidance
Occurs shock, denial and ketidakpercayan
Stage 2: The Confrontation
Happens very high emotion when the client repeatedly against their loss and their grief deepest and most acutely felt
Step 3: Accommodation
Start reentering emotional and social everyday world where clients learn to live with their loss.
C. NURSING PROCESS
1. Assessment
a. Terms of lost
b. Type / shape / speed the loss
c. Ability mourning
d. Physical and mental status
e. Coping is commonly used
2. Nursing Diagnosis
Response to khilangan b / d factor that caused the response, Ex;
a. Grieving dysfunctional b / d is not equal to an inadequate support system
b. Grieving anticipation b / d of potential loss of a loved one
c. Individual coping .... Effective b / d support system (-)
d. Risk of injury to self / others b / d of knowledge (-) on how angry constructive
e. Etc.
3. Plan
a. Long-term goals
Clients can go through the process of mourning and there is no response to maladaptive
b. Short-Term Goals
- Clients can recognize the response loss
- Clients can identify constructive and destructive coping
- Clients can use constructive coping
c. Principles of Intervention
1). Construct a trusting relationship
2). Encourage expression of sense and emotion
3). Bantu to receive bereavement process
4). Facilitation support system
5). Exercise development of coping
6). Environmental Modification
7). Feelings of reinforcement (+)
8). Program grouf Therafiotik
9). Program anticipation
4. Implementation
a. Use therapeutic communication techniques
b. Involve family / support systems
c. etc.
In accordance with the principle of intervention
