BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
HUMAN
The nurse's view of human beings Influences the focus of nursing intervention. Although most nurses agree that humans are BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL being, they differ in how they view human beings as recipients of nursing services. Nursing theorists have developed Viewpoints from these systems, adaptation, and interactive theories.
Basic Human Needs
Are elements needed by humans in maintaining physiological and psychological equilibrium, which aims to preserve life and health.
KDM characterize heterogeneous, because humans are unique. But basically the same human beings have the KDM. However, due to cultural differences, the need is different, too. In order to meet the needs of human thinking and moving 'hard even harder "to try to get it.
1. Physiological Needs
is the most basic needs, namely physiological needs such as oxygen, fluids (drinks), nutrition (food), balance, body temperature, elimination, shelter, bed rest, and sexual needs (need for emotional, social, spiritual).Physiological NeedsThese are biological needs. They Consist of needs for oxygen, food, water, and a relatively constant body temperature. They are the strongest needs Because if a person were deprived of all needs, the physiological ones would come first in the person's search for satisfaction.
2. The need for security and protection (safety and security needs), both physically and psychologically.
Physical: the threat of disease, accidents, hazards of the environment, and so on.
Psychological protection: protection of the threat of a new and unfamiliar experiences. Ex. Concerns experienced by a person when the new comes in OSPEK, because they feel threatened by having to berinteraksidengan others, and so on.
Safety Needs
When all physiological needs are satisfied and are no longer controlling thoughts and behaviors, the needs for security can Become active. Adults have little awareness of their security needs except in times of emergency or periods of disorganization in the social structure (such as widespread rioting). Children Often display the signs of insecurity and the need to be safe.
3. TASTE OF LOVE, & HAVE OWNED
Giving and receiving love, get the warmth of family, have friends, be accepted by a social group, and so on.
Needs of Love, Affection and belongingness
When the needs for safety and for physiological well-being are satisfied, the next class of needs for love, affection and belongingness can emerge. Maslow states that people seek to Overcome feelings of loneliness and Alienation. This involves both giving and receiving love, affection and the sense of belonging.
4. SELF-ESTEEM
Feeling valued by others.
This need is related to the need of humans to gain power, achievement, self-confidence, self independence. So someone needs recognition from others.
Needs for Esteem
When the first three classes of needs are satisfied, the needs for esteem can Become dominant. These involve needs for both self-esteem and for the esteem a person gets from others. Humans have a need for a stable, firmly based, high level of self-respect, and respect from others. When these needs are satisfied, the person feels self-confident and valuable as a person in the world. When these needs are frustrated, the person feels inferior, weak, helpless and worthless.
5. SELF ACTUALIZATION
Highest in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, such as the need to contribute to others / the environment and achieve full potential.
Human self-actualization can be achieved when human beings get a balance between the needs, pressures, and the ability to adapt to changes in the body and the environment.
Needs for self-actualization
When all of the foregoing needs are satisfied, then and only then are the needs for self-actualization activated. Maslow describes self-actualization as a person's need to be and do that roomates the person was "born to do." "A musician must make-music, an artist must paint, a poet must write and." These needs make-Themselves felt in signs of restlessness. The person feels on edge, tense, lacking something, in short, restless. If a person is hungry, unsafe, not loved or accepted, or lacking self-esteem, it is very easy to know what the person is restless about. It is not always clear what a person wants when there is a need for self-actualization.
FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND PRIORITY
Physiological
Environment
Value
Ethics
Culture
The PERSON as a SYSTEM
The human being is an open system in constant interaction with a changing environment.
In other word, the individual engages in a dynamic interchange with the environment, and this interchange in an essential factor of the system's viability, reproductive ability to change.
Human = Open system = BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL being (biological, psychologic, social, spiritual components)
The person as a SYSTEM
The biological system:
neurology, musculoskeletal, respiratory, circulatory, gastrointestinal.
The psychologic and social system:
thinking, feeling, interaction pattern.
INTERACTION SYSTEM
According to King: The primary concern of nursing are human behavior, social interaction, social movements.
3 dynamic interaction system in her concept of persons:
Individuals (personal systems)
Groups (interpersonal systems)
Society (social systems)
The Person as an Adaptive System
Adaptation is a process of change allowing the individual to respond the environmental changes yet retain personal integrity or wholeness.
Environmental: all the conditions, circumstances, and Influences surrounding and affecting the development of an organism or group of organisms.
Adaptive behavior is the behavior of the whole person.
Man as a creature HOLISTIC
In holistic theory, all living organisms are seen as interacting, unified wholes that are more than the mere sums of their parts. Viewed in this light, any disturbance in one part is a disturbance of the whole system; in other words, the disturbance affects the whole being.
Man as a creature Holistic
For example:
A nurse helps a man who is recuperating from a heart attack to consider his life-style and other contributing factors so that he can improve his health in the future.
The nurse thinks ACKs the client why he thinks the attack happened, stresses what he feels in his life, Whether he smokes, what his eating habits are, and how much exercise he normally gets. Using the holistic approach, the nurse considers all contributing factors so that the clients can Prevent as occurrence.
Consortium of Health Sciences, 1992
Humans can act as a client, where he is a biopsychosocial and spiritual beings.
Man is a unity of physical and spiritual aspects that have unique properties with different needs, according to their respective levels of development.
Humans can be:
a. Individual
b. Group
c. Community
A system:
a. An open system
b. Adaptive system
c. Personal Systems creature HOLISTIC (intact)
d. Interpersonal
e. Social
Reference:
Alimul, Aziz. , 2006. Introduction to Basic Human Needs: Nursing Process Concepts and Applications. London: Publisher Salemba Medika.
Kozier, B. 1997. Fundamentals of Nursing: Concept and Procedure. California: Anderson Wesley Publishing Co..
Potter, Patricia A. 2005.Fundamental of nursing: concepts, process, and practice. Jakarta: EGC.
