Obsessive compulsive disorder is an example of the positive effects which modern research has found interference in a short time. An obsession is a thought, feeling, idea disturbing sensation tau (intrusive). A compulsive thoughts or behavior was recognized, standardized, recurrent, such as counting, checking or avoid. Obsession increase anxiety, decrease anxiety while doing one's compulsions. But if someone forced doing a compulsion, anxiety is rising. A person with obsessive compulsive disorder are usually aware of the irrationality of obsession, and feel that the obsessions and compulsions as ego-dystonic. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder that can cause impotence, because obsession can spend time and can significantly interfere with the person's normal routine, job function, social activity that normally, or relationships with friends and family members.
Epidemiology
Lifetime prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder in the general population is estimated 2 to 3 percent. Some researchers have estimated that obsessive compulsive disorder was found in 10 percent of patients in the outpatient psychiatric clinic. Figures causes obsessive compulsive disorder as the fourth most common psychiatric diagnosis after phobias, substance related disorders, and major depressive disorder.
For adult men and women are equally likely to be exposed, but to teenage boys are more commonly affected than women obsessive compulsive disorder. The average age of onset is 20 years of age, although men have an earlier age of onset (around 19 years) than women (average 22 years). Overall about two-thirds of patients had onset of symptoms before age 25, and less than 15 percent of patients had onset of symptoms after 35 years. Obsessive compulsive disorder can have an onset in adolescence or childhood, in some cases
able at the age of 2 years. People who live alone more exposed obsessive compulsive disorder than people who were married, although these findings may reflect difficulties possessed patients with obsessive compulsive disorder in maintaining a relationship. Obsessive compulsive disorder are found less frequently among groups of blacks than whites.
Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder are generally influenced by another mental disorder. Lifetime prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder is approximately 67 percent, and for social phobic about 25 percent. Other comorbid psychiatric diagnosis in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder is alcohol use disorder, specific phobia, panic disorder and eating disorders.
Etiology
1. Biological Factor
Neurotransmitters. Many clinical trials have been conducted
to various drugs supports the hypothesis that a dysregulation of serotonin are involved in the formation of obsessions and compulsions symptoms of the disorder. Serotonergic drugs are more effective than drugs that affect other neurotransmitter systems. Serotonin is involved in causing obsessive compulsive disorder is not clear. Clinical studies have measured the concentrations of metabolites of serotonin (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid / 5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid, and affinity accompanied the number of binding sites on the platelet imipramine administration (which binds to the serotonin re-uptake of places) and have reported the findings of these measurements in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Some researchers say that the cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder are two areas of research for future studies.
Brain imaging research. Functional brain imaging studies
(Positron emission tomoghrapy / PET) have found an increase in
activity (metabolism and blood flow) in the frontal lobes, basal ganglia
(Especially the tail) and singulum in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Pharmacological and behavioral therapies have been reported to reverse the disorder. Both CT and MRI have found a decrease in the size kaudata bilaterally in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Neurological procedures involving singulum sometimes effective in the treatment of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. An MRI study recently reported an increase in T1 relaxation time in the frontal cortex, a finding consistent with the location of abnormalities found in PET studies.
Genetics. Studies in twins suitability for disturbance
obsessive compulsive disorder found a higher compliance rate was significantly higher in monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins. Family studies in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder has found that 35 per cent of first degree relatives of patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder as well.
Other biological data. Electrophysiological studies, EEG studies
sleep, and neuroendocrine studies have contributed data that suggested a similarity between depressive disorder with obsessive compulsive disorder sleep EEG studies have found abnormalities similar to those seen in depressive disorders, such as decreased latency REM (rapid eye movement). Neuroendocrine research as nonsupresi on dexamethason-supression test in approximately one third of patients and decreased growth hormone secretion clonidine infusion.
2.Faktor behavior
According to learning theorists, obsession is accustomed stimuli. Relatively neutral stimulus be accompanied by fear or anxiety
through
process
habituation
respondents
by pairing it with a natural event that is dangerous and causes anxiety. Objects and thoughts that previously neutral stimuli terbiasakan be able to cause anxiety or annoyance.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder is an example of the positive effects which modern research has found interference in a short time. An obsession is a thought, feeling, idea disturbing sensation tau (intrusive). A compulsive thoughts or behavior was recognized, standardized, recurrent, such as counting, checking or avoid. Obsession increase anxiety, decrease anxiety while doing one's compulsions. But if someone forced doing a compulsion, anxiety is rising. A person with obsessive compulsive disorder are usually aware of the irrationality of obsession, and feel that the obsessions and compulsions as ego-dystonic. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disorder that can cause impotence, because obsession can spend time and can significantly interfere with the person's normal routine, job function, social activity that normally, or relationships with friends and family members.
Epidemiology
Lifetime prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder in the general population is estimated 2 to 3 percent. Some researchers have estimated that obsessive compulsive disorder was found in 10 percent of patients in the outpatient psychiatric clinic. Figures causes obsessive compulsive disorder as the fourth most common psychiatric diagnosis after phobias, substance related disorders, and major depressive disorder.
For adult men and women are equally likely to be exposed, but to teenage boys are more commonly affected than women obsessive compulsive disorder. The average age of onset is 20 years of age, although men have an earlier age of onset (around 19 years) than women (average 22 years). Overall about two-thirds of patients had onset of symptoms before age 25, and less than 15 percent of patients had onset of symptoms after 35 years. Obsessive compulsive disorder can have an onset in adolescence or childhood, in some cases
able at the age of 2 years. People who live alone more exposed obsessive compulsive disorder than people who were married, although these findings may reflect difficulties possessed patients with obsessive compulsive disorder in maintaining a relationship. Obsessive compulsive disorder are found less frequently among groups of blacks than whites.
Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder are generally influenced by another mental disorder. Lifetime prevalence of obsessive compulsive disorder is approximately 67 percent, and for social phobic about 25 percent. Other comorbid psychiatric diagnosis in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder is alcohol use disorder, specific phobia, panic disorder and eating disorders.
Etiology
1. Biological Factor
Neurotransmitters. Many clinical trials have been conducted
to various drugs supports the hypothesis that a dysregulation of serotonin are involved in the formation of obsessions and compulsions symptoms of the disorder. Serotonergic drugs are more effective than drugs that affect other neurotransmitter systems. Serotonin is involved in causing obsessive compulsive disorder is not clear. Clinical studies have measured the concentrations of metabolites of serotonin (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid / 5-HIAA) in the cerebrospinal fluid, and affinity accompanied the number of binding sites on the platelet imipramine administration (which binds to the serotonin re-uptake of places) and have reported the findings of these measurements in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Some researchers say that the cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder are two areas of research for future studies.
Brain imaging research. Functional brain imaging studies
(Positron emission tomoghrapy / PET) have found an increase in
activity (metabolism and blood flow) in the frontal lobes, basal ganglia
(Especially the tail) and singulum in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Pharmacological and behavioral therapies have been reported to reverse the disorder. Both CT and MRI have found a decrease in the size kaudata bilaterally in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Neurological procedures involving singulum sometimes effective in the treatment of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. An MRI study recently reported an increase in T1 relaxation time in the frontal cortex, a finding consistent with the location of abnormalities found in PET studies.
Genetics. Studies in twins suitability for disturbance
obsessive compulsive disorder found a higher compliance rate was significantly higher in monozygotic twins than dizygotic twins. Family studies in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder has found that 35 per cent of first degree relatives of patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder as well.
Other biological data. Electrophysiological studies, EEG studies
sleep, and neuroendocrine studies have contributed data that suggested a similarity between depressive disorder with obsessive compulsive disorder sleep EEG studies have found abnormalities similar to those seen in depressive disorders, such as decreased latency REM (rapid eye movement). Neuroendocrine research as nonsupresi on dexamethason-supression test in approximately one third of patients and decreased growth hormone secretion clonidine infusion.
2. Behavioral factors
According to learning theorists, obsession is accustomed stimuli. Relatively neutral stimulus be accompanied by fear or anxiety through process habituation respondents by pairing it with a natural event that is dangerous and causes anxiety. Objects and thoughts that previously neutral stimuli terbiasakan be able to cause anxiety or annoyance.
