A. Definition
Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani toxin, manifests with proximal muscle spasms and muscle stiffness throughout the body followed. Stiffness of muscle tone and muscle massater rangka.Tetanus is an acute, even fatal, caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridiium tetani.
B. Etiology
Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped bacteria, slim, measuring 2-5 x 0.4 to 0.5 milimikro which belonged bersepora gram-positive and anaerobic life. Germs remove toxins that are neurotoxic. This toxic (tetanusspasmin) initially will cause muscle spasms and local peripheral nerves. The toxin is unstable on heating, at a temperature of 65 ° C will be destroyed in five minutes. Besides, it is also known that tetanolysin hemolysis, whose role is less significant in the disease process.
C. Clinical Manifestations
Future shoots tetanus ranges from 2-21 days. Clinical symptoms is usually sudden didahuli by muscle tension, especially in the jaw and neck. Then comes the difficulty opening the mouth (trismus) due to muscle spasm master. Muscle spasms will continue to occiput (opistotonus), abdominal wall and along the spine. If the ongoing tonic seizures, often seem risus sardonicus because muscle spasm face with eyebrows picture drawn up, corners of the mouth are pulled out and down, lips pressed firmly on the tooth. General description of the typical form of tetanus are rigid bodies with hands clenched, usually remains good awareness. Paroxysmal attacks arise, can be triggered by stimuli sound, light or touch, but can arise spontaneously. Due to a very strong muscle contractions, may occur afaksia and cyanosis, urinary retention occurred even collumna vertevralis fracture (in children). Sometimes encountered a mild fever, and usually at the end-stage, death often occurs in patients aged 60 years or older.The main symptoms of tetanus are headache and muscle pain in the jaw, followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, abdominal muscles hardened, seizures and fever. These symptoms usually occur 8 days after the body is exposed to infection, and will attack for 3 days to 3 weeks. Tetanus can not be passed between human beings.Tetanus generally easy to attack in those who had never received a tetanus vaccination or in those who had received the vaccination, but more than 10 years ago. Patients affected tetanus admitted to the hospital for intensive care.Within 48 hours of the disease become apparent with:
Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani toxin, manifests with proximal muscle spasms and muscle stiffness throughout the body followed. Stiffness of muscle tone and muscle massater rangka.Tetanus is an acute, even fatal, caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridiium tetani.
B. Etiology
Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped bacteria, slim, measuring 2-5 x 0.4 to 0.5 milimikro which belonged bersepora gram-positive and anaerobic life. Germs remove toxins that are neurotoxic. This toxic (tetanusspasmin) initially will cause muscle spasms and local peripheral nerves. The toxin is unstable on heating, at a temperature of 65 ° C will be destroyed in five minutes. Besides, it is also known that tetanolysin hemolysis, whose role is less significant in the disease process.
C. Clinical Manifestations
Future shoots tetanus ranges from 2-21 days. Clinical symptoms is usually sudden didahuli by muscle tension, especially in the jaw and neck. Then comes the difficulty opening the mouth (trismus) due to muscle spasm master. Muscle spasms will continue to occiput (opistotonus), abdominal wall and along the spine. If the ongoing tonic seizures, often seem risus sardonicus because muscle spasm face with eyebrows picture drawn up, corners of the mouth are pulled out and down, lips pressed firmly on the tooth. General description of the typical form of tetanus are rigid bodies with hands clenched, usually remains good awareness. Paroxysmal attacks arise, can be triggered by stimuli sound, light or touch, but can arise spontaneously. Due to a very strong muscle contractions, may occur afaksia and cyanosis, urinary retention occurred even collumna vertevralis fracture (in children). Sometimes encountered a mild fever, and usually at the end-stage, death often occurs in patients aged 60 years or older.The main symptoms of tetanus are headache and muscle pain in the jaw, followed by stiffness of the neck, difficulty in swallowing, abdominal muscles hardened, seizures and fever. These symptoms usually occur 8 days after the body is exposed to infection, and will attack for 3 days to 3 weeks. Tetanus can not be passed between human beings.Tetanus generally easy to attack in those who had never received a tetanus vaccination or in those who had received the vaccination, but more than 10 years ago. Patients affected tetanus admitted to the hospital for intensive care.Within 48 hours of the disease become apparent with:
- Trismus (difficulty opening the mouth) due to spasm of the muscles mastikatoris.
- Stiff neck until opistotonus (as tensions Trunki erector muscles).
- Abdominal wall muscle tension (to be distinguished from acute abdomen).
- Tonic seizures, especially when stimulated by toxins contained anterior horn.
- Risus sardonikus because muscle spasm face (eyebrows attracted upwards, mouth corners are
- pulled out and down, lips pressed firmly on the tooth).
- Difficulty swallowing, restless, easily aroused, headache, limb pain is often an early symptom.
- Typical spasm, the body stiff with opistotonus, inferior extremity in an extension, stiff arms and strong hands clenched. Child remains conscious. Spasm initially intermittent periods of relaxation interspersed. Then it is not clear anymore and attacks with pain. Sometimes intramuscular hemorrhage due kontaraksi strong.
- Afaksia and cyanosis caused by the attack on the respiratory and laryngeal muscles. Urinary retention can occur due to spasm of the urethral muscle. Spine fractures can also occur due to a very strong muscle contraction.
- Heat is usually not high and there are at late stage.
- There is usually a mild leukocytosis and sometimes elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
According to the severity of the symptoms can be divided into 3 stages:
- Trismus (3 cm) without tonic seizures though generally stimulated.
- Trismus (3 cm or smaller) with generalized tonic seizures when stimulated.
- Trismus (1 cm) with spontaneous generalized tonic seizures.
Strknin spasms caused by a rare cause spasm of the jaw muscles. Tetani diagnosis by blood tests (calcium and phosphate). Seizures in meningitis can be differentiated with cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. In history there are rabies bites a dog or cat with symptoms of laryngeal spasm da pharynx continuous with pleiositoksis but without trismus. Trismus may also occur in members of a heavy, retoferingeal abscesses, severe dental abscess, enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Stiff neck can also occur in meningitis (in tetanus has not decreased consciousness), mastoiditis pneumonia lobaris above, miostis neck, cervical spondylitis.
Management,Prognosis,Pencegahaan, Treatment and Complications and pathophysiology of tetanus please clic here,,,,!!!]
Management,Prognosis,Pencegahaan, Treatment and Complications and pathophysiology of tetanus please clic here,,,,!!!]
