contraception family planning tool

 

Definition
Family planning is an attempt to control the number and spacing between births.
To avoid pregnancy temporarily used contraception to avoid pregnancy while the sedentary nature of the sterilization could be carried out.
Abortion can be used to terminate pregnancy in case of contraceptive failure.

Natural Methods of Contraception
Natural methods can only be applied to women with regular menstrual cycles. How to avoid intercourse during fertile. Tool of this method is the measurement of basal temperature and cervical mucus viscosity test.
Pros:

• No side effects
• Economical

Disadvantages:

• The failure rate as high as 10-30 of 100 women.

Methods of Contraception With Tool
Can be divided into:
1. Contraception In Rahim (IUD)
Intrauterine device has several types, such as Copper T380A, Nova T, and some were given the hormone IUD (Mirena, Levo Nova).
Pros:
• protection rate is high, ie the failure of 0.3 to 1 per 100 women per year.

Disadvantages:

• Invite the risk of pelvic inflammatory infection, bleeding, and pregnancy outside the womb.
• Complications of perforation (hole) of the uterus.
• Does not provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis B and HIV / AIDS.

2. With Contraceptive Methods Jinx
The most commonly used are condoms, diaphragms, and spermicides.
a. Condom
Small pouch made of rubber is worked by wrapping the penis, so that the sperm comes out stays in the bag.
Pros:

• Safe use
• Easy to get
• Quite effective when used properly.
• Can prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis B and HIV / AIDS.

Disadvantages:
• There is a risk of tearing. Therefore, use a condom just for one time use. Condoms are good feels slippery and wet. Do not use a condom the dry interior, which feels sticky to the touch, or the glue on the plastic wrap.
• high failure rate, which is 3-15 per 100 women per year.

b. Diaphragm
Shaped like a shallow bowl, made of rubber. How to use it is inserted into the vagina. This tool works by covering the cervix so sperm, but still fit into the vagina, could not continue the journey to the uterus.
Pros:

• Can be used many times.
• Protects against pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases hepatitis B and HIV / AIDS.

Disadvantages:

• high failure rate, which is 5-20 per 100 women per year.
• Difficult to install.

c. Spermicides
FP has different forms. There aerosol foam (foam), tablets, creams, jellies, and sponges. Used topically in the vagina before sexual intercourse. Spermicides deadly sperm cells before they could enter the womb.
Pros:

• Protects users from sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhea, klamida, hepatitis B, HIV / AIDS
• There were no systemic side effects / on the body.

Disadvantages:

• The failure rate 10-25 of 100 women per year.
• Does not protect against hepatitis B, sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV / AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea.

• Can cause hives or blisters on the vagina.
• Not very effective if used only without the aid of tools such as condoms or a diaphragm.

3. Hormonal methods of birth
Most hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone or only progesterone alone.
a. Integrated Pill
Generally contain synthetic hormones estrogen and gestagen. The pill is the recommended low-dose pills containing estrogen is less than or equal to 35 micrograms and 1 mg progesterone.
Pros:

• Easy to get
• Disadvantages:
• Must be taken every day.
• Not all women are advised to use birth control, namely:
• nursing mothers,
• smokers,
• aged 40 years and over,
• have any health problems such as seizures, tuberculosis, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis, heart ever stroke, and more.
• Potential side effects:
• Irregular bleeding outside the menstrual period.
• nausea
• headache

b. Mini Pill
Unlike the integrated control pills, pills containing only gestagen alone.
Pros:

• Can be used for nursing mothers
• Easy to get

Disadvantages:

• It has side effects, namely:
• Irregular bleeding
• Menstruation does not come
• • Sometimes appears headaches

c. Injection
Injections KB protects from pregnancy until it was time shot back. Its effectiveness is similar to combination pills and mini pills or IUD exceeded. Failure generally occurs because of poor adherence to schedules or injecting the wrong injection technique. The workings of injectible one that causes thickening cervical mucus, thus reducing the ability of sperm penetration.
To note, if the contraceptive injection is stopped to wait one year or longer to get pregnant again.
Users will receive hormone injections every 1-3 months, namely:

Injections progestin;
Injections containing only gestagen hormones alone. For example, Depo Provera and Depo noristerat.
Pros:
• Can be used for pregnant or breastfeeding women should not use supplemental estrogen.
Disadvantages:

• It has a side effect:
• Irregular bleeding
• Menstruation does not come
• Weight gain

Injections integrated
Injections containing gestagen and estrogen hormones, eg, estrogen-progesterone depot or cyklofem.
Pros:

• Does not affect the menstrual cycle

Disadvantages:

• Can not be used nursing mothers
• Hard to get
• Relatively expensive
• Not recommended for women who take birth control pills are not recommended integrated and progestin injections.

d. Implant
Used to put it down next to the skin surface in the arm. There are 2 types:

• Norplant is a contraceptive method 5-year term. Effectiveness of contraceptive implant rods consisting of 6 is very high. The average pregnancy rate per year is less than 1%.
• Implanon: contraception that consists of a single rod implant can be used for at least 3 years.

Pros:

• Once installed it will prevent pregnancy for 5 years.
• Can be used by women who are having problems with the hormone estrogen.
• Can be used by women who are undergoing treatment for spasticity.
• Although designed 5 years, can be removed at any time.

Disadvantages:

• Implant more easily installed than was removed. So before you use this method, make sure that health workers in clinics or family planning service posts have been trained and skilled and willing to remove the implant if no longer desired.
• Implant should be avoided if the relevant:

1. People with cancer or a hard lump in the breast
2. Came too late menstrual
3. Experiencing abnormal bleeding from the vagina
4. Patients with heart disease
5. Want to get pregnant in the next few years

e. IUD (intra-uterine device, spiral).
The advantage of the IUD is limited side effects in utero.
There are 2 types of IUDs:

• Releasing progesterone (to be replaced every year)
• Release of copper (effective for 10 years).

Usually IUD fitted at the time of menstruation. If the possibility of infection of the cervix, during IUD insertion should be delayed until the infection subsides.
How to work with the IUD is causing an inflammatory reaction in the uterus which will attract more white blood cells. Substances produced by white blood cells is toxic to sperm so there is no egg fertilization.
Releasing IUD will cause the cessation of the inflammatory process.
Side effects of IUDs:

• Bleeding and pain
• Sometimes IUDs apart by itself (about 20% off the IUD is not recognized / known by the wearer and can cause pregnancy)
• Perforation of the uterus
• When a newly installed will be brief in utero infection, but this infection will subside after 24 hours
• The risk of miscarriage in pregnant women with IUDs are still attached is about 55%. IUD